certified lower bound · dashed curve
Affine-geometry self-sum extensions
Affine-geometry self-sums give characteristic-indexed lower-bound curves whose iterated limit is \(\frac{4}{3}\).
Construction
Let \(A=\operatorname{AG}(d-1,q)\), of rank \(d\) on \(q^{d-1}\) points, and form \(P_{d,q}=(A\oplus A)+e\times f\). The free extension and coextension may require passing to a finite extension field, but the result stays representable in characteristic \(p\) when \(q=p^a\).
What the curve shows
Möbius inversion on the affine-flat lattice gives every plotted value exactly. For fixed \(q\) they tend to \(4q^2/(3q^2+1)\) as \(d\to\infty\); for fixed \(d\) they tend to \(4d/(3d+1)\) as \(q\to\infty\). Either subsequent limit approaches \(\frac43\). The curves are dashed because they certify distinguished-pair lower bounds rather than the full maximum.
Proof status
Exact finite counts and both limits are proved on the mathematics page; maximization over every pair remains open. Full proof on the mathematics page →
AI disclosure
Chris Eur used ChatGPT 5.6 Sol Max on Codex as a mathematical exploration and formula-checking aid while identifying the family through the double-free construction and the common 2-design mechanism. A public chat link is not currently recorded.
Plotted members
q = 2 (5 plotted members)
| parameter | |E| | rank | Ref | ≈ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rank(A) = 3 | 10 | 7 | 6/7 | 0.85714 |
| rank(A) = 4 | 18 | 9 | 8/7 | 1.14286 |
| rank(A) = 5 | 34 | 11 | 80/67 | 1.19403 |
| rank(A) = 6 | 66 | 13 | 6/5 | 1.20000 |
| rank(A) = 8 | 258 | 17 | 1168/977 | 1.19550 |
q = 3 (3 plotted members)
| parameter | |E| | rank | Ref | ≈ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rank(A) = 3 | 20 | 7 | 42/37 | 1.13514 |
| rank(A) = 4 | 56 | 9 | 6/5 | 1.20000 |
| rank(A) = 5 | 164 | 11 | 265/218 | 1.21560 |
q = 5 (2 plotted members)
| parameter | |E| | rank | Ref | ≈ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rank(A) = 3 | 52 | 7 | 150/127 | 1.18110 |
| rank(A) = 4 | 252 | 9 | 1168/959 | 1.21794 |
q = 7 (2 plotted members)
| parameter | |E| | rank | Ref | ≈ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rank(A) = 3 | 100 | 7 | 306/257 | 1.19066 |
| rank(A) = 4 | 688 | 9 | 104/85 | 1.22353 |